ERRORS OF REFRACTION
METHODS OF CORRECTION
ASTIGMATISM
Astigmatism affects 23.9% of the European population today. This vision impairment results in blurred vision and distortions along the periphery of vision in both near and distance vision. People with astigmatism have difficulty perceiving contrast and differences between vertical and horizontal lines.
For example, they may have difficulty distinguishing between an "O" and a "Q" and reading street signs from a distance. Astigmatism rarely occurs on its own and tends to be diagnosed alongside other visual impairments such as myopia and hypermetropia.…
HIPERMETROPIA
Hypermetropia (ametropia, presbyopia) affects 25.2% of the European population today. The dysfunction that causes this visual impairment increases from the age of 40, when compensating by accommodation becomes more difficult.
For children, over-accommodating from an early age can lead to cross-eyedness. A farsighted person can see better far away than near…
MYOPIA
Myopia affects 30.6% of the European population today. More and more young people in particular are now being diagnosed at younger and younger ages.
Myopia is primarily related to environmental and genetic factors. Myopic people have blurry distance vision and clear near vision…
PRESBYOPIA
Presbyopia affects about 49% of the European population today. A decrease in the elasticity of the lens can be identified among adults around the age of 40.
These age-related changes in the lens are part of the eye's natural aging process, which progresses until about age 60 before leveling off. People with presbyopia have blurred near vision and sharp far vision…
