Myopia is a vision defect manifested by the inability to clearly distinguish objects located at a greater distance. This happens because the parallel rays, coming from an object, when crossing the eyeball, are focused in front of the retina, allowing only objects located at a smaller distance to be distinguished. The eyeball of myopic people is more elongated, requiring divergent lenses to correct the vision, shifting the focus on the retina. Around 26% of the world's population has myopia.
FORM OF MANIFESTATION
The first stage of vision is the creation of an image on the retina, using the parallel rays that result from the lens. This first phase is based on the laws of focusing light. An object will be the better defined, the more its rays produce a sharper image on the retina. In emmetropia, i.e. in the absence of refractive disorders, the image is focused exactly on the retina.
In myopia, focusing takes place in front of the retina.
FORMS OF MYOPIA
Axial myopia
Refractive myopia
Degenerative myopia
CAUSE
- inheritable - One of the most common causes is genetic, approximately 89% of myopic parents also have myopic children.
- Environment – Another important cause is the influence of the environment on the muscles of the eyeball. So an excess of tone on the part of the ciliary muscle can train myopia through ciliary spasms. And the refractive index of the lens can be changed under the influence of high temperatures (lens opacification). Another theory holds that too much effort strengthens the ciliary muscles, reducing the curvature of the lens.
- Combination of hereditary and environmental factors
- pathologist - there are a number of conditions that cause myopia
CORECȚIE & TRATARE
The most common forms of treatment include wearing glasses and contact lenses (only with diverging lenses) and a refractive eye surgery procedure, but this is only recommended for people with some degree of myopia and not very old age .
